Qualidades Psicométricas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para Adolescentes Brasileiros do Sexo Masculino / Psychometric qualities of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) for Brazilian Male Adolescents

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) para adolescentes brasileiros do sexo masculino. A amostra foi composta por 357 jovens, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Os resultados evidenciaram que 32,8% variância dos dados foram explicados por um único fator e o instrumento foi capaz de diferenciar seus escores em função do estado nutricional (p<0,05), além de correlacionar-se com as medidas de insatisfação corporal (rho=0,50). Confirmou sua consistência interna (α>0,88), não registrando diferença entre os escores (teste-reteste) (p<0,68) e apresentando o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe de 0,93. Concluiu-se que o EAT-26 comprovou suas qualidades psicométricas para o grupo estudado.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) for male Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 357 young people, aged between 10 and 19 years. The results showed that 32.8% of the data variance was explained by a single factor and the instrument was able to differentiate their scores as a function of nutritional status (p<0.05), and correlate with measures of body dissatisfaction (rho=0.50). Confirmed its internal consistency (α>0.88), no difference between scores (test-retest) (p<0.68) and introducing the coefficient of intra-class correlation of 0.93. It was concluded that the EAT-26 demonstrated its psychometric qualities for the group studied.

Avaliação Psicométrica do Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência-3 (SATAQ-3) para Adolescentes / Psychometric Evaluation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) among Adolescents

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades psicométricas do Questionário de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência-3 para adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra total foi composta por 600 adolescentes (254 meninos), os quais participaram em fases distintas da pesquisa: avaliação da compreensão verbal da escala, avaliação da validade de construto, validade e confiabilidade, e a terceira etapa referiu-se à avaliação da reprodutibilidade (teste-reteste). Todos os itens apresentaram adequada compreensão verbal entre os adolescentes. O instrumento apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por sete fatores (α > 0,40), cujos índices de ajustamento foram aceitáveis, correlação positiva e significativa com a satisfação corporal (r = 0,41, p < 0,001) e estabilidade. As qualidades psicométricas do SATAQ-3 para adolescentes foram parcialmente confirmadas, sendo sua utilização indicada para essa população.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to obtain estimates of the psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 in a sample of Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 600 adolescents (254 boys), who participated in different stages of the research: assessment of verbal comprehension, construct validity, convergent validity and reliability, and evaluation of the reproducibility (test-retest). The adolescents showed adequate verbal comprehension of all items. The scale presented a factor structure composed of seven factors (α > 0,40), with acceptable values of the fit indices of the model, significant positive correlation for the measures of body satisfaction (r = 0,41, p < 0,001), and reproducibility. The psychometric quality of the SATAQ-3 among adolescents was partially confirmed, and its use is indicated for this population.

Avaliação psicométrica do Questionário de Mudança Corporal para adolescentes / Psychometric evaluation of the Body Change Questionnaire for adolescents / Evaluación psicométrica del Cuestionario sobre Cambios Físicos para adolescentes

Resumo O estudo objetivou analisar a validade de construto, consistência interna e reprodutibilidade do Questionário de Mudança Corporal (QMC). Foram avaliados 439 meninas e meninos (13 a 22 anos). A validade de construto foi avaliada por meio da análise fatorial exploratória e correlações entre os escores do QMC, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e Escala de Silhuetas (ES). A confiabilidade foi acessada usando-se a consistência interna, e a reprodutibilidade pelo teste-reteste e pela correlação intraclasse. A escala apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por seis fatores, os quais representaram quase em sua totalidade as subescalas do instrumento. As correlações para a amostra total entre o QMC e as outras escalas variaram de 0,37 a 0,46. A consistência interna apresentou valores entre 0,78 e 0,96 para cada um dos fatores, e a correlação intraclasse foi condizente com uma boa reprodutibilidade. Os escores do teste-reteste não apresentaram diferenças significantes para a amostra total e entre os sexos. Conclui-se que o QMC apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas para os adolescentes brasileiros.

Abstract This study aimed to examine construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of the Body Change Questionnaire (BCQ). A total of 439 female and male adolescents (13-22 years of age) were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and correlation between the scores of the BCQ and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Scale Silhouettes (SS). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and reproducibility using test-retest and intra-class correlation. The scale presented a six-factor structure that almost entirely accounted for the instrument’s subscales. Correlations for the total sample between BCQ and scores of the other questionnaires ranged from 0.37 to 0.46. Internal consistency varied from 0.78 to 0.96 for each of the factors, and intra-class correlation was consistent with good reproducibility. The test-retest scores showed no statistically significant differences for the total sample or according to sex. The BCQ showed good psychometric qualities for Brazilian adolescents.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la validez de constructo, la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad del Cuestionario de Cambios Físicos (QMC por sus siglas en portugués). Se evaluaron a 439 niñas y niños (13-22 años). La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y las correlaciones entre las puntuaciones de la QMC, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y la Escala Silhouettes (ES). La confiabilidad se consiguió por la consistencia interna y la reproducibilidad test-retest y la correlación intra-clase. La escala tiene una estructura factorial compuesta por seis factores, que representaron casi en su totalidad las subescalas del instrumento. Las correlaciones de la muestra total entre QMC y las puntuaciones de los otros de cuestionarios oscilaron 0,37-0,46. La consistencia interna varió de 0,78 y 0,96 para cada uno de los factores y la correlación intraclase fue consistente con buena reproducibilidad. Las puntuaciones de test-retest mostraron diferencias significativas para la muestra total y de género. La conclusión es que el QMC tiene buenas cualidades psicométricas en adolescentes brasileños.

Psychometric assessment of the Brazilian version of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale

The study of male body image has increased substantially, but there are few assessment tools available for this population. The Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS) has been widely used among students to research body image disturbances and eating disorders. However, the psychometric properties of this instrument have not been tested in the Brazilian context. Objectives: To explore the psychometric properties (convergent validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and factor structure) of the Brazilian version of the MBDS. Methods: Two-hundred sixty-four undergraduate students were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation was used to test the convergent validity of the MBDS and the Drive for Muscularity Scale, the Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and the Commitment to Exercise Scale. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using t-tests for repeated measures and by calculating the coefficient of intraclass correlation. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and Cronbach’s α coefficients were determined. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The MBDS had an adequate factor structure, with two factors explaining 52.67% of the total variance. It showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α between 0.90 and 0.92), a high intraclass correlation coefficient (0.81), and convergent validity with the drive for muscularity, the psychological commitment to exercise, low self-esteem, and eating disorder risk behaviour measures. Discussion: The MBDS appears to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Brazilian male body image dissatisfaction...

Avaliação da equivalência semântica e consistência interna da Game Addiction Scale (GAS): versão em português / Evaluation of semantic equivalence and internal consistency of the Game Addiction Scale (GAS): Portuguese version

Objetivo Avaliar a equivalência semântica e a consistência interna da Game Addiction Scale (GAS): versão em português. Métodos O procedimento constituiu-se das seguintes etapas: a) revisão da literatura; b) tradução do instrumento original; c) retrotradução; d) revisão técnica e avaliação da compreensão verbal, realizada por profissionais da área da saúde; e) avaliação da compreensão verbal do instrumento, por uma amostra de estudantes; f) análise da consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach). Os participantes, com exceção dos especialistas, foram selecionados por conveniência. A participação dos sujeitos foi diferente em cada fase: tradutores (n = 2), retrotradução (n = 1), revisão técnica (n = 2), especialistas (n = 12), pré-teste com estudantes universitários (n = 40) e mensuração com estudantes universitários (n = 100). Resultados Poucas alterações semânticas de expressões e termos foram realizadas para adaptar-se à cultura-alvo. O nível de compreensão verbal dos participantes (especialistas e estudantes) foi superior a 90% e a análise do alfa de Cronbach correspondeu a 0,92 para todo o instrumento. Conclusão A Escala de Dependência de Jogos Eletrônicos (ESDEJE) foi submetida a tradução e adaptação para o idioma português (do Brasil), apresentando consistência interna adequada. Ademais, sugere-se a realização do processo de validação referente à equivalência de mensuração e reprodutibilidade do instrumento. .

Objective To evaluate the semantic equivalence and internal consistency of the Game Addiction Scale (GAS): Portuguese version. Methods The procedure consisted of the following steps: a) literature review; b) translation of the original instrument; c) back-translation; d) technical review and evaluation of verbal comprehension performed by health professionals; e) evaluation of verbal comprehension of the instrument by a sample of students; f) analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). The participants, with the exception of the experts, were selected by convenience. The participation of the subjects was different in each phase: translators (n = 2), back-translation (n = 1), technical review (n = 2), specialists (n = 12), pretest with college students (n = 40) and measurement with college students (n = 100). Results Few semantic changes of expressions and terms were made to adapt to the target culture. The level of verbal comprehension of the participants (students and experts) was greater than 90% and Cronbach’s alpha analysis corresponded to 0.92 for the whole instrument. Conclusion The Escala de Dependência de Jogos Eletrônicos (ESDEJE) was submitted to translation and adaptation to Portuguese (Brazil), showing adequate internal consistency. Further, we suggest the fulfillment of the validity process concerning the equivalence of measurement and the reproducibility of the instrument. .

Treating kleptomania: cross-cultural adaptation of the Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale and assessment of an outpatient program.

BACKGROUND: Kleptomania is characterized by repetitive stealing and has severe consequences for patients. Stigma, a lack of standardized therapy and a limited number of assessment tools hinder advances in treatment. This study provides preliminary data on the Portuguese-language version of the Kleptomania Symptom Assessment Scale (P-K-SAS) and preliminary data on an outpatient program. METHODS: Experts in the field analyzed an initial P-K-SAS version, produced through translation/back-translation, in order to arrive at a final version. Eight patients currently on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and 10 patients under maintenance CBT were initially assessed, then re-assessed 6months later. RESULTS: The mean P-K-SAS score was higher among patients initiating CBT than among those under maintenance CBT (21.1±8.0 vs. 11.3±7.5; Mann-Whitney U=15.0, P=.024). The final version of the P-K-SAS presented excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.980; inter-item correlation, 0.638-0.907). CONCLUSIONS: The P-K-SAS presented solid psychometrics and seems ready for use in assessing the effectiveness of treatments for kleptomania. The findings suggest that kleptomania patients need follow-up treatment that goes beyond the traditional 12-session structure.

[Psychometric evaluation of the Body Change Questionnaire for adolescents]. / Avaliação psicométrica do Questionário de Mudança Corporal para adolescentes.

This study aimed to examine construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility of the Body Change Questionnaire (BCQ). A total of 439 female and male adolescents (13-22 years of age) were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and correlation between the scores of the BCQ and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Scale Silhouettes (SS). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency and reproducibility using test-retest and intra-class correlation. The scale presented a six-factor structure that almost entirely accounted for the instrument's subscales. Correlations for the total sample between BCQ and scores of the other questionnaires ranged from 0.37 to 0.46. Internal consistency varied from 0.78 to 0.96 for each of the factors, and intra-class correlation was consistent with good reproducibility. The test-retest scores showed no statistically significant differences for the total sample or according to sex. The BCQ showed good psychometric qualities for Brazilian adolescents.

Avaliação psicométrica do Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ) / Psychometric assessment of the Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ), com recurso à análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, validade convergente e discriminante, e reprodutibilidade (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e α-Cronbach), realizadas com 287 universitários brasileiros entre 18 e 30 anos de idade. O MBCQ obteve estrutura fatorial adequada, com quatro fatores que explicam 64,32% da variância dos resultados, validade convergente - associação significativa (p < 0,01) com a insatisfação e checagem corporal (r igual a 0,51 e 0,35, respectivamente), e discriminante. Obteve satisfatória consistência interna (α-Cronbach variando de 0,89 a 0,94) e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,87. O MBCQ comprovou ser um instrumento válido e confiável para avaliação da checagem corporal para indivíduos do sexo masculino do Brasil. (AU)

This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Male Body Checking Questionnaire (MBCQ) applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent and discriminant validity, and reliability (intra-class coefficient correlation and Cronbach's alpha). Two hundred and eighty seven Brazilian undergraduate students between 18 and 30 years old were evaluated. The MBCQ showed adequate factor structure with four factors that explain 64.32% of total variance, concurrent validity - significant association with body dissatisfaction (p < .01) and body-checking (r = .51 and .35, respectively), and discriminant validity. The MBCQ also showed good internal consistence (Cronbach's α between .89 and .94) and intra-class correlation coefficient (.87). In conclusion, it is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate body-checking behaviors of Brazilian males. (AU)

[Body image of adolescents in rural cities]. / Imagem corporal de adolescentes de cidades rurais.

The scope of this article is to evaluate the body image of adolescents from rural cities and its relationship with nutritional status, sex and the adolescent phase. Adolescents of both sexes participated in the cross-sectional study. Body image was evaluated through the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for adolescents. Weight and height were measured for the evaluation of body mass index (BMI). Stages of adolescence were classified by age. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Four hundred and forty-five adolescents (190 boys and 255 girls), with a mean age of 16.44 comprised the sample. Higher risk of body dissatisfaction was found among overweight and obese participants (BSQ: OR = 3.359 p < 0.001; ESA: OR = 1.572 p = 0.387) and the female sex (BSQ: OR = 3.694 p < 0.001; ESA: OR = 0.922, p = 0.840). Participants from the intermediary and final stages of adolescence revealed a lesser risk of dissatisfaction compared to those from the initial phase. Body dissatisfaction was related to overweight and obesity, to the female sex and to the initial period of adolescence. Intervention research is required to control the factors that influence excessive adolescent body dissatisfaction.

Imagem corporal de adolescentes de cidades rurais / Body image of adolescents in rural cities

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a imagem corporal de adolescentes de cidades rurais e suas relações com o estado nutricional, sexo e período da adolescência. Estudo transversal com adolescentes de ambos os sexos. A imagem corporal foi avaliada pelo Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e pela Escala de Silhuetas para Adolescentes (ESA). O peso e a estatura foram aferidos para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal. O período da adolescência foi classificado de acordo com a idade. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. A amostra foi composta por 445 adolescentes (190 meninos e 255 meninas) com idade média de 16,44 anos. Maior risco de insatisfação corporal foi encontrado entre os participantes com sobrepeso e obesidade (BSQ: OR = 3,359 p < 0,001; ESA: OR = 1,572 p = 0,387) e sexo feminino (BSQ: OR = 3,694 p < 0,001; ESA: OR = 0,922, p = 0,840). Os participantes nos períodos intermediário e final da adolescência apresentaram menores riscos de insatisfação quando comparados àqueles no período inicial. A insatisfação corporal relacionou-se com sobrepeso, com sexo feminino e com período inicial da adolescência. Pesquisas de intervenção são necessárias para controlar os fatores que influenciam a insatisfação corporal excessiva dos adolescentes.

The scope of this article is to evaluate the body image of adolescents from rural cities and its relationship with nutritional status, sex and the adolescent phase. Adolescents of both sexes participated in the cross-sectional study. Body image was evaluated through the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for adolescents. Weight and height were measured for the evaluation of body mass index (BMI). Stages of adolescence were classified by age. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Four hundred and forty-five adolescents (190 boys and 255 girls), with a mean age of 16.44 comprised the sample. Higher risk of body dissatisfaction was found among overweight and obese participants (BSQ: OR = 3.359 p < 0.001; ESA: OR = 1.572 p = 0.387) and the female sex (BSQ: OR = 3.694 p < 0.001; ESA: OR = 0.922, p = 0.840). Participants from the intermediary and final stages of adolescence revealed a lesser risk of dissatisfaction compared to those from the initial phase. Body dissatisfaction was related to overweight and obesity, to the female sex and to the initial period of adolescence. Intervention research is required to control the factors that influence excessive adolescent body dissatisfaction.

Body image in different periods of adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze body image in different periods of adolescence. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged ten to 19 years old of public schools in small districts of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Body Dissatisfaction Assessment Scale for Teenagers and the Silhouette Scale for Teenagers (SST) were used. Adolescence phases were classified according to the subjects' ages. Weight and height were measured in order to calculate the body mass index and the nutritional status. Results were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: The study emolled 531 teenagers (318 females). The average age was 15.6±2 .2 years and 84.6% were eutrophic. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction varied from 28.9% (BSQ) to 78.9% (SST). Overweight adolescents presented greater dissatisfaction (BSQ: OR 3.66, p<0.001; SST: OR 4.108, p<0.001). Dissatisfaction also occurred for females and those at the early adolescence (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A low prevalence of dissatisfaction with the body image was observed among adolescents in small towns of Minas Gerais; however, most of them wished a different silhouette than the current one. The results showed that younger adolescents had higher dissatisfaction than their peers, as well as female and overweighed adolescents.

Body image in different periods of adolescence / Imagen corporal en distintos periodos de la adolescencia / Imagem corporal em diferentes periodos da adolescencia

Objective: To analyze body image in different periods of adolescence. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled students aged ten to 19 years old of public schools in small districts of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Body Dissatisfaction Assessment Scale for Teenagers and the Silhouette Scale for Teenagers (SST) were used. Adolescence phases were classified according to the subjects' ages. Weight and height were measured in order to calculate the body mass index and the nutritional status. Results were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The study emolled 531 teenagers (318 females). The average age was 15.6± 2 .2 years and 84.6% were eutrophic. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction varied from 28.9% (BSQ) to 78.9% (SST). Overweight adolescents presented greater dissatisfaction (BSQ: OR 3.66, p<0.001; SST: OR 4.108, p<0.001). Dissatisfaction also occurred for females and those at the early adolescence (p<0.05). Conclusions: A low prevalence of dissatisfaction with the body image was observed among adolescents in small towns of Minas Gerais; however, most of them wished a different silhouette than the current one. The results showed that younger adolescents had higher dissatisfaction than their peers, as well as female and overweighed adolescents. .

Objetivo: Investigar la imagen corporal en distintos periodos de la adolescencia. Métodos: Estudio transversal con estudiantes de diez a 19 años de escuelas de la red pública de municipios de pequeño porte del interior de la Zona de Bosque de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Se aplicaron el Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), la Escala de Evaluación de Insatisfacción Corporal para Adolescentes y la Escala de Silueta para Adolescentes (ESA). Se clasificó el periodo de la adolescencia por la edad. La masa corporal y la estatura fueron medidas para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal y del estado nutricional. Se realizaron análisis descriptivo, inferencias y regresión. Resultados: Participaron 531 adolescentes (318 muchachas). El promedio de edad fue de 15,6±2,2 años y 84,6% eran eutróficos. La prevalencia de insatisfacción corporal varió del 28,9% (BSQ) al 78,9% (ESA). Individuos con exceso de peso presentaron mayor posibilidad de insatisfacción (BSQ: OR 3,66, p<0,001; ESA: OR 4,108, p<0,001). Lo mismo pasó con muchachas e individuos en el periodo inicial de la adolescencia (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal fue baja entre los adolescentes de las ciudades pequeñas de Minas Gerais, pero la mayoría deseaba una silueta distinta de la actual. Los resultados mostraron mayor insatisfacción entre los participantes en el periodo inicial de la adolescencia, así como en los del sexo femenino y en aquellos con exceso de peso. .

Objetivo: Investigar a imagem corporal em diferentes períodos da adolescência. Métodos: Estudo transversal com estudantes de dez a 19 anos de escolas da rede pública de municípios de pequeno porte do interior da Zona da Mata Mineira. Aplicaram-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), a Escala de Evaluación de Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes e a Escala de Silhueta para Adolescentes (ESA). Classificou-se o período da adolescência por meio da idade. A massa corporal e a estatura foram mensuradas para o cálculo do índice de massa corpórea e do estado nutricional. Os resultados foram avaliados por regressão logística. Resultados: Participaram 531 adolescentes (318 meninas). A média de idade foi de 15,6±2,2 anos e 84,6% eram eutróficos. A prevalência de insatisfação corporal variou de 28,9% (BSQ) a 78,9% (ESA). Indivíduos com excesso de peso apresentaram maior chance de insatisfação (BSQ: OR 3,66, p<0,001; ESA: OR 4,108, p<0,001). O mesmo ocorreu para meninas e indivíduos no período inicial da adolescência (p<0,05). Conclusões: A prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi baixa entre os adolescentes das cidades pequenas de Minas Gerais, porém a maioria desejava uma silhueta diferente da atual. Os resultados mostraram maior insatisfação entre os participantes no período inicial da adolescência, assim como nos do sexo feminino e naqueles com excesso de peso. .

Estudo transversal sobre imagem corporal de adolescentes / Cross-sectional study on body image in adolescents / Estudio transversal sobre la imagen corporal en adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a satisfação corporal de adolescentes de uma cidade de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O desenho do estudo foi transversal, com estudantes divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com período da adolescência: intermediário (15-16 anos) e final (17-21 anos). Para avaliação da imagem corporal, utilizou-se a escala de satisfação por áreas corporais. Participaram 170 escolares (66 meninos e 104 meninas). A mediana de satisfação corporal foi de 52,0 (25,0-72,0) pontos. A satisfação com a imagem corporal avaliada pelas áreas corporais foi elevada nos adolescentes, embora tenham sido encontrados baixos índices de satisfação com o peso e com o tônus muscular. Meninas tiveram escores menores de satisfação com o peso que os meninos (p = 0,045), houve também uma correlação significativa entre a idade e o escore total de satisfação corporal (r = 0,955). Verificou-se que a satisfação com a imagem corporal foi elevada, sendo o peso e o tônus muscular os itens com menores escores.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body satisfaction among adolescents in a town of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The study was cross-sectional with students divided into two groups according to the adolescent period: intermediate (PI) (15-16 years) and late (PF) (17-21 years). For the body satisfaction evaluation, the body parts satisfaction scale was applied. One hundred seventy adolescents were studied (66 males and 104 females). The median body satisfaction was 52.0 (25.0-72.0) points. The satisfaction with body image assessed by body areas was elevated, although it has been observed low levels of satisfaction with weight and muscle tone. Girls had lower scores of satisfaction with weight than boys (p = 0.045), there was also a significant correlation between age and total score of body satisfaction (r = 0.955). It was found that satisfaction with body image was high, and the weight and muscle tone items with lower scores.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción corporal en adolescentes de una ciudad de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El diseño del estudio fue transversal, con estudiantes divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo con el período de adolescencia: intermedio (PI) (15 a 16 años de edad) y tardío (PF) (17-21 años de edad). Para evaluar la imagen corporal se utilizó la escala de áreas de satisfacción corporal. Fueron estudiados 170 estudiantes (66 chicos y 104 chicas). La satisfacción corporal mediana fue de 52,0 (25,0 a 72,0) puntos. La satisfacción con la imagen corporal evaluada respecto a las áreas del cuerpo fue alta en estos adolescentes, pero se han encontrado niveles bajos de satisfacción con el peso y el tono muscular. Las niñas obtuvieron puntos más bajos de satisfacción con el peso que los niños (p = 0,045), también hubo una correlación significativa entre la edad y la puntuación total de satisfacción corporal (r = 0,955). Se encontró que la satisfacción con la imagen corporal fue alta, y los elementos de peso y tono muscular con puntuaciones más bajas.

Psychometric evaluation of the Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS) Portuguese version.

The aim of this study is evaluate the psychometric results and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese language version of the Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS). Factor analysis and concurrent validity were checked on assessments from participants with and without eating disorders. The scale had good internal consistency. Factor analysis confirmed four components. Control and Eating Disorders groups were discriminated, and results correlated well with the Eating Attitudes Test and Body Shape Questionnaire. The results for the Portuguese version of the BCCS were similar to the original version, and its use is recommended for evaluation of body-checking cognitions in the Brazilian population with or without eating disorders.

Stunkard Figure Rating Scale for Brazilian men.

PURPOSE: To evaluate psychometric assessment of Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for Brazilian male population. METHODS: The sample was composed of a control group (94 students) and a clinical group (20 eating disordered patients). Two questionnaires were applied: the FRS and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire-26. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected in the control group (self-reported) and clinical group (measured). Body dissatisfaction (BD) was calculated by subtraction of ideal body (IB) from the current body (CB) score. The concurrent validity was assessed through the analysis of the correlation between the CB and BD scores and the BMI and the body weight. The discriminant validity was achieved by measurements of association between the groups studied and the scales CB, IB and BD. Reliability was assessed by the comparison of the score averages at two moments and by the intraclass coefficient correlation. RESULTS: The questionnaire had a correlation higher than 0.67 for the measures of weight and BMI. Regarding the CB, IB and BD scores, a significant difference was not observed between the clinical and the control group. There was no difference between the scores for BD at the two moments analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The FRS is stable and capable of correlating with anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, for this population the questionnaire was unable to distinguish between the two groups analyzed.

[Conceptual, semantic, and instrumental equivalences: preliminary analysis of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS)]. / Equivalências conceitual, semântica e instrumental: análises preliminares da versão em português (Brasil) da Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS).

This study aimed to describe the translation into Brazilian Portuguese and the analysis of conceptual, semantic, and instrumental equivalences and assessment of internal consistency of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The study included the steps of (1) translation; (2) synthesis of translation; (3) back-translation; (4) review by experts - judges - analysis of the semantic and instrumental equivalences; (5) pre-test - assessment of verbal understanding of the instrument by specialists and male students; (6) analysis of the internal consistency by Cronbach's α coefficient. The MBDS was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese maintaining its original 25 items, showed good verbal comprehension, and had an internal consistency coefficient of 0.92. The scale was translated and adapted with satisfactory results, thus confirming its initial psychometric qualities. The instrument requires further analysis of internal and external validity, and reproducibility.

Insatisfação corporal em adolescentes: uma investigação longitudinal / Body dissatisfaction in adolescents: a longitudinal study

CONTEXTO: Evidências demonstram que a prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre jovens tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Parece que o período da adolescência é o principal precursor para esse aumento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes ao longo de um ano. MÉTODOS: A investigação foi desenvolvida em três momentos (T1, T2 e T3). Participaram 358 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 11 e 14 anos. Utilizou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), e peso e estatura foram mensurados para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de insatisfação corporal diferiu entre os sexos, com aumento gradativo em meninas e diminuição em meninos em função do tempo (T1, T2 e T3) (p < 0,05). Ademais, os escores diferiram segundo T1, T2 e T3. No sexo feminino, em T3, as meninas depreciaram o corpo quando comparadas a T1 e T2 (F = 9,71; p = 0,001), e de forma oposta entre os meninos, evidenciou-se maior insatisfação em T1 em relação a T2 e T3 (F = 12,55; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que a insatisfação corporal aumentou ao longo de um ano em meninas, enquanto em meninos houve diminuição. Sugere-se a implementação de programas de promoção da saúde para escolares durante o ano letivo.

BACKGROUND: Evidence has shown that the prevalence of body dissatisfaction in youth has been increasing in recent years and it seems that adolescence is the main culprit. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed body dissatisfaction in adolescents over one year. METHODS: A total of 358 adolescents of both genders aged 11 to 14 years were investigated on three occasions (T1, T2, and T3). The investigation included collecting their height and weight for calculating body mass index (BMI) and administrating the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). RESULTS: The prevalences of body dissatisfaction in males and females differed significantly. Over time, dissatisfaction increased gradually in females and decreased in males (p < 0.05): females were more dissatisfied on T3 than on T1 and T2 (F = 9.71; p = 0.001) while males were more dissatisfied on T1 than in T2 and T3 (F = 12.55; p = 0.001). The scores between occasions T1, T2, and T3 also differed. DISCUSSION: Over a period of one year, body dissatisfaction increased in females and decreased in males. Health-promoting programs for school children should be implemented during the school year.

Avaliação psicométrica da Escala de Influência dos Três Fatores (EITF) / Psychometric evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Scale

Objetivou-se avaliar as qualidades psicométricas da Escala de Influência dos Três Fatores (EITF) entre jovens brasileiros, de ambos os sexos. A amostra foi composta por 475 universitários com idade entre 18 e 29 anos (Média = 20,8 anos, DP = 2,0 anos). Avaliou-se sua validade de construto (análise fatorial exploratória), validade convergente (correlação entre os escores da EITF e medidas de satisfação corporal), confiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach) e reprodutibilidade (teste-reteste). O instrumento apresentou estrutura fatorial composta por três fatores, replicando os da escala original, correlações negativas e significativas para as medidas de satisfação corporal (> -0,21, p < 0,001) e não demonstrou diferença entre os escores no teste-reteste. A EITF confirmou suas propriedades psicométricas, sendo indicada sua utilização para jovens...

The objective of the present study was the psychometric evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Scale (TIS) among Brazilian youths of both sexes. The sample consisted of 475 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 29 years old (M = 20.8, SD = 2.0). We evaluated the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), convergent validity (correlation between the scores of the TIS and measures of body satisfaction), reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and reproducibility (test-retest). The instrument presented factorial structure composed of three factors replicating the original scale factors, significant negative correlation for measures of body satisfaction (> -.21, p <.001), and showed no difference between the scores on test-retest reproducibility. It was confirmed TIS's psychometric properties, and its use is indicated for young Brazilian people...

Relação entre comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e processo maturacional em jovens atletas / Relationship between risk behaviors for eating disorders and maturational process in young athletes

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre comportamento de risco para transtornos alimentares (TA) e processo maturacional, segundo o sexo. Participaram 580 atletas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. TA foi avaliado pelo Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Aplicou-se o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) para avaliar a insatisfação corporal. Aferiu-se a altura tronco-cefálica, a estatura e o peso para estimar a idade de maturação somática. A maturação sexual foi avaliada pelos Critérios de ?Tanner?. Os resultados indicaram prevalência de 18,1 e 14,7% de comportamento para TA em meninas e meninos, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças dos escores do EAT-26 em função dos estágios maturacionais, mas houve associação deste escore com os estágios maturacionais no sexo masculino (p<0,05). Por fim, a interação entre maturação somática e sexual influenciou significantemente a pontuação do EAT-26 tanto no sexo feminino, quanto no masculino (p<0,05). Ademais, encontraram-se diferenças significantes nas proporções das classificações do BSQ em ambos os sexos (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o processo maturacional exerceu pouca influência sobre o comportamento de TA, e esta relação foi observada apenas nos atletas do sexo masculino. Deste modo, parece que atletas masculinos com idades biológicas mais avançadas estão mais protegidos contra TA. No entanto, esportistas do sexo feminino parecem apresentar mais riscos para tais comportamentos, independentemente, do período maturacional em que se encontram.

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between risk behavior for eating disorders (ED) and maturational process, according to sex. 580 athletes, of both genders, aged between 10 and 19 years participated of the study. ED was assessed by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). We applied the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to assess body dissatisfaction. Sitting-height, height and weight were measured to estimate the age of somatic maturation. Sexual maturation was assessed by the criteria of ?Tanner?. Results showed prevalence of 18,1 and 14,7% of behavior for ED in girls and boys, respectively. There was no difference in the EAT-26 scores as a function of maturational stages, but this score was associated with maturational stages in males (p <0.05). Finally, the interaction between somatic and sexual maturation significantly influenced the EAT-26 score in both the female and male gender (p<0.05). Moreover, we found significant differences in the proportions of the BSQ ratings in both sexes (p<0.05). We conclude that the maturational process exerted little influence on the behavior of ED, and this relationship was observed only in male athletes. Thus, it appears that male athletes with more advanced biological ages are better protected against ED. However, female athletes appear to be at greater risk for such behaviors, regardless of maturational period in which they are.

[Semantic equivalence of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the "Body Change Inventory"]. / Equivalência Semântica da versão em português do "Body Change Inventory"

With the increase in research on the components of Body Image, validated instruments are needed to evaluate its dimensions. The Body Change Inventory (BCI) assesses strategies used to alter body size among adolescents. The scope of this study was to describe the translation and evaluation for semantic equivalence of the BCI in the Portuguese language. The process involved the steps of (1) translation of the questionnaire to the Portuguese language; (2) back-translation to English; (3) evaluation of semantic equivalence; and (4) assessment of comprehension by professional experts and the target population. The six subscales of the instrument were translated into the Portuguese language. Language adaptations were made to render the instrument suitable for the Brazilian reality. The questions were interpreted as easily understandable by both experts and young people. The Body Change Inventory has been translated and adapted into Portuguese. Evaluation of the operational, measurement and functional equivalence are still needed.